Nervous system disorders 
Heart disorders
Large Intestine
Circulatory disorders - cold, lack of circulation
Physcological
Respiratory disorders - subject to extremes of heat, damp, cold

KEL DANG
is   Cold Kidney,  Badkhen and Lung 

• cold in lower back, cold hands and feet, urinate a lot 
• medicines can heat kidney which is Earth and Water - 
• preserve kidney heat and digestive heat in Winter. 
• self-MASSAGE  - sesame oil, warm in small bowl, use own hands on oneís back, self-MASSAGE, lower abdomen, soles of feet -
• stretching exercise. 

ARTHRITIS/RHEUMATISM - Badkhen 
Sciatica, shooting pain in hip -SENG DEN 25

ASTHMA - Asthma in general is Badkhen disorder

Asthma pulse -empty Urine - White, big bubbles (evidence of Lung)

SPUTUM:

• Bluish and frothy - Lung and disturbed fever
• Reddish and salty - Tipa
• Bluish, greenish - Excess of Badkhen (early morning and evening, Lung combined with Lungs - breathing difficulty)
• Bloody and frothy - dropsy of the Lungs
• Whitish and frothy - disturbed fever of the Heart
• Bloody and salty - pulmonary infection
• Yellowish and brown - Liver infection
• Dark brown - Spleen
• Reddish brown - dis. Fever of the Kidney
• Clear yellowish - Gall Bladder

Medicines: Trulthang, Pangyen 15 - pain in upper back, short breathing Tso do 25 - chronic pulmonary infection in chest. Lishi 6, Gun - dum (brum, gum) - Lung disorder Congalo Memonar - Lung, Badkhen Agar 15 - Pain in upper chest (Lung?)

Oral Tantra -Indigestion is root cause of dropsy (unusually watery state of the tissues of the body). Leakage of the fluid part of the blood into the flesh/vessels of the body, causing swelling due to obstruction in that area.  Controlled by the lymphatic glands.  SWELLING is the outward sign of this disorder. Give medicine first for dropsy, cure disbalance of digestion.  Give medicine for the digestive power then specifically for symptoms presenting.

Confusion, ignorance, sloth is BADKHEN - "Puts things in places and can't remember where". Massage, exercise.

Excess of serous fluid is an oedema - caused by Lung 

Headaches - LUNG headache - with giddiness.     TIPA headache - no giddiness.
 

MENTAL DISORDERS

Channels support the winds, winds support the mind, mind the heart, stress disorders and high blood pressure. Cause: thought to be leading a life at variance with one's deepest spirtiual longing. Sign: crack down middle of tongue. Karma-caused mental disorders, forcibly displaced, can worsen the three basic categories of mental illness:

• Fear and paranoia
• Aggression
• Depression and Withdrawal

Mind and Lung belong together. Disturbed Lung has the greatest potential to cause disturbances.

63 different types of Lung disorders.

sRog Lung disorder - balance equilibrium state of Lung. Amnesia, insomnia. Cause can be separation from loved ones, one on whom one is dependent. Loss of precious object (material). Intense mental activity, undertake meditational practice. Meditation - start with short periods, build up gradually.  Long periods of unsatiszfactory med. not good, short fruitful periods better. Sleeplessness is a mental illness. Very strict diet, malnourishment leads to mental illness. News so bad that patient cannot digest it, conflict, mental stress.

If patient has fever, cool nature medicine aggravates the Lung. Do not overdo cool treatment for fever, disturbs the whole system and Lung arises. Pulse - Tipa fast, but pressure, then feeling of emptiness - Lung present. Urine - yellowish red but Light, and lots of big bubbles. Sharp or shooting pain, MOVING - is Lung. Tongue can be dry like Tipa, but can be rough like Lung. Fever - thirstiness, Lung, not so acute. Press Lung points, very great pain. First give med. for fever, if it gets worse, Lung is present. Med. with warm potency, patient gets better. Manifestation of fever due to prevailing Lung - too much cool treatment will lead to Lung penetrating the life-channel - mental illness. Diagnosis - 3 stages: Past, present and future of ailment. Look at all the conditions, the effect is bound to happen.

GENERAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Lung pulse - empty, buoyant. Urine - whitish, bluish, when stirred - large bubbles. Early morning pulse beat, if not possible, patient should be well rested. A Lung patient keeps moving around. Mind jumps about too. Giddiness, vertigo, Tinninitus. Tongue - red and rough, migratory pain, feels cold and shivers a lot. Cannot contract and extend limbs properly. Bones have great pain (like broken). Goose pimples, hair stands on end, loss of sleep, yawning, stretching, gets irrirated, lower back pain. Capula, sternum and jaw area. Press and very sore. Patient need not have all these symptoms, only some. Different effect on pulse and urine. Very important to talk to patient n this case, to continue to build up a picture. Must spend adequate time on interrogation before prescribing. Pulse beat changes a lot. Urine is bluish - can hear nose of bubbles. Patient has unhappy attitude, disturbed sleep and dreams. Forgetfulness, lose track of speech. Lack of concentration. Gloomy and sorrowful. No-one to talk to, solitary. Hardly bothers to respond. Problems with inhaling and exhaling. Shooting pain from sternum to back. Difficulty with swallowing food is problem with Lung. Hands and feet are very cold. Lost in their very deep thoughts. Protruding eyes - staring at one object for a long time. Lung + thirst = Lung and Fever.

REMEDY- Patient should be given food and drink of nutritious nature - relief, then ailment is Lung. Milk of cow/goat is rough and cool, aggravates Lung illness, but if warmed, ok. Comfortable surroundings and pleasant conversation, music. Lung is aggravated on exposure to cold. According to nature of diet and behaviour, one can see which humnour is disturbed.

DIET - Veg. Oil, animal products, butter, meat soup, barley, hot milk, chang. The more sleep the better. Avoid crowds, too much going on., lots of noise, excitable situations, no physical or mental work, avoid bright lights. Try fomentation, Carum Carvii (Black cumin see, zeera nagpo) and Nutmeg crushed in sesame oil (heated) wrap in white cloth, press on points, esp. 1^st point bulging at base of back of neck.

MEDICINES - TRULTHANG: Cooling, PANG GYEN 15: pain in upper back, short breathing, TSO DO 25: chronic pulmonary infection in chest, LISHI 6: ? GUN DUM 7 - Lung, GURGUM: Lung, GALO MENOMAR: Lung and Badkhen, AGAR 15: pain in upper chest.

MENTAL ILLNESS MEDICINES: Lung -Bamboo Pith, Saffron, Cardamon, Nutmeg, Clove Tipa - Castor oil plant, Euphorbia sp. Herpetospormum, Chebula Myrobalan, Long Pepper. SWERTIA CHIRATA, SASSUREA LAPPIA, ADHATODA VASICA, LAGO SP. SAFFRON, INULA RACEMOSA.

NERVE DISORDERS AND TREATMENT

Channels distribution:
Brief intro. on channel of Nerves.   White channel and Black channel.  White channel like upside-down palm tree, through crown chakra.  Mobility of physical links, enhances feelings of sense objects. Black channel like palm tree upright, arteries and veins, vital and vessel organs, develop and nourish muscle and blood.

INNER CHANNELS
13 different channels. Humoural factors - 4 Lung, 4 Tipa, 4 Badkhen, 1 amalgamated humour. 
7th dorsal vert. - channel of Heart LUNG
17th dorsal vert. - channel of Small Intestine LUNG
divided into 2  = 4 channels

5th vert. to Lungs 
16th vert. to Large Int./Colon 
9th vert. to Liver
10th vert. to Gall Bladder -  4 channels - TIPA

4th vert. to Stomach
11th vert. to Spleen
14th vert. to Kidney
18th vert. to Urinary Bladder - 4 channels - BADKHEN

13th vert. to Seminal Vesticle/Ovary - Amalgamated channel

External/Superficial distribution of channels - 6

BU GU CHEN channel          arms, legs, limbs
JA CHAM
RAT NA

BU GU CHEN
14th vert. - Life channel, knees, toes, heel and sole.  Pelvic region, extends down calf - toes to heel.
6th vert. turns to exit by Kidney, Vesticle ovary.
2 moxa points behind hairline down neck.

JA CHAM
Pts. behind ears - 1st vert. = 4 channels, clavicle, in between capula - goes to arms, base of elbow - 'funny bone' nerve, 4th vert. 12th vert = 14th vert. back of knee - goes to heel

RAT NA
Base of brain - 1 tsun distance from earlobes to clavicle, to elbow, turns up to 4 fingers.  Ligaments and tendons, Nerve dis. has similarity. Palms, feet, shoulder, knee - can be very painful when pressed. Ascertain whether pain is attributable to nerve dis. or something else.

Fatal accident or injury - strength beyonjd our strength.  Contagious fever on different channels, nerves disrupted due to trauma, beaten, falling down. 
LUNG - mental dstress, tension, nerve disorder:  onion, garlic, pork, mutton - aggravation of nerves, strong tea, strong coffee, intense fasting.

GENERAL:  Disorders of Cold - acute and mild, Hot - acute and mild.   LOCATION: Cranial  -  Body  -  Limbs
COLD: Intense headache, intolerance to loud noise, uniformity gone - facial palsy, loss of memory, degeneration of sensory facilities. Itching, loss of speech, inability to sit still. Numbness.
HOT:  Excruiating pain, swelling lack of heat.  Specific headache.  Internal organs, shivering, talkative.   Press centre pit of capula - unbearable pain, unquenchable thrist, heaviness on one side of body. Evacuating process disturbed. Intense heat/coldness.   Stiffly erect, unable to bend. Numbness, loss of sensation.  Right arm, loss of sensation of left leg, right leg, loss of sensation in left arm. Hurt in nape of neck, discharged from hospital, voice changed from male to female - couldn't touch the ground with whole foot - see channel direction.  Moxa given - then returned to normal state.
Distribution of channels - you can see what is wrong and how to help.
If it had been Lung:  shivering, talking a lot, loss of concentration
                      Tipa:   hot, pain sharp, acute and sharp, penetrating 
                      Badkhen: cold, swelling, heaviness
4th category, amalgamated humour - patient manifests all signs.

NERVE DISORDERS - if cannot treat at the right time, disturbance gets very deep rooted.  Regulate diet and behaviour pattens and patient gets better.
Die to Avoid - very strong coffee, tea, onion, pork, mutton(cold).    Onion and garlic are hot, hot diet is good, but patients should avolid oion and garlic because of post-digestive taste.
TIPA:  curd, yoghourt, buttermilk, light porridge
LUNG: chang mixed with jaggery, medicinal butter (3 fruits).  Behaviour - avoid cold places, wind, low temperatures, people you don't like, unpleasant talk - cause of nerve disorders, mental tension and unrest.
Best way:  Heating diet, stay away from tension, nerve problems at a distance.

Contagious fever - pulse and urine, TIPA  Pulse - weak and superficial, deep, rolling tautness.

LUNG and channels - ever present together.  Function of channels determines function of LUNG.    Nerves generally associated with LUNG, though sometimes associated with TIPA and BADKHEN.  Discord in environment, disturbance in humours - Lung manifest in many of the disorders.

SAMNOR - Inflammation, Nerve Dis.
DA LI 18
MU TIK
AGAR 20
SAM KHYUNG - Inflammation
AGAR 17
JANG CHOE 17
SA ZIN 25

LUNG and Nerve Disorders usually mean another problem too.  So medicines for accompanying problems. Lack of interaction is bad for health.

PRECIOUS PILLS: JUMAR 25   RATNA SAMPHEL. 
TSA CHUK - Nerve application, mix powder with plain water, or oil, butter, rub on patient.

tSOR LUNG -  mental problems.

Nerve disorder could descend on arthritis - epilepsy, arthritis - hypertension, renal degernations.
Karmic - mobility of arm completely gone.  Gave accessory therapy and some medicine sticks to it, then better.  Patient old but puts in more effort to take the medicine, plus diet and behaviour - can recover.

Lymph and worms disorders are common to all three humours

SPECIFIC METHODS OF TREATMENT (not related to Mental Disorders)

Should not treat only for symptoms, e.g. headache may go. May be caused by Lung or Tipa, or old sinus problem. 'Cat waits for mouse to appear, then pounces'. Pulse taken, urine taken, still in doubt re Lung - try warm soup before patient goes to bed, if good rest, feels better, then its Lung. If patient feels nauseous, then its Tipa.  To detect Tipa (nausea could be either Tipa or Badkhen), give TIKTA decoc. For Tipa: TIKTA is CHIRETTA (SWERTIA CHIRATA - there is a Nepalese type) - chop and mix to decoction in warm boiled water; grows in Manali, can buy from Indian shops. Or TIKTA 8. Patient feels better, its Tipa.  To detect Badkhen giveGYAM TSA SUM THANG (3 ingredients). After one day, check with patient. If better, then its Badkhen.

Cramps - JA KUNG 5.   Bad water, bad food - one can keep these basic mixtures around all the time.  Blood and Lung - sitting reading on train, sitting by computer.   MANU 4 decoc. relieves pain and fever - doesn't mean patient needs to have fever.  Will separate, if more Lung,will show Lung symptoms.  If more Blood, will show Blood symptoms.   THANGCHEN 25 - headache, vomiting, sweating, thirsty. - 4 pills, crushed. Boil in cold water, when luke-warm drink.  Brings out black impurity in vomit or stool.

Hot or Cold?  PRESCRIBE HOT MEDICINE ANYWAY.  Ask patient how they are.  Better, then cold disorder.   Worse, then hot disorder. Then prescribe exact medicine. HOR MOXA - Nutmeg, carum carvii.  Dip in warm seame oil, make sure doesn't burn cloth.  Use on patient, on palms, soles, neck, crown - for Insomnia.   When we know whether hot or cold, and patient doesn't get better, then change diet or medicine.    Don't speak against other doctors.  "Kingfisher" style of watching and waiting - then pounce.
Step by step - like ladder.  Golden Needle, G.H.(moxa.) drastic treatment, not done first and not proper remedy just by itself at start of headache treated by GH - disappeared after 2/3 weeks - symptoms return.   Cannot keep giving GN or GH cannot take so much heat.

To prescribe without side effects.   None if patient treated properly - balanced for 3 humours in body.
12 reactions possible: Lung - sweet and salty - but  EXCESS causes Tipa to arise.
Tipa - sweet and bitter - excess causes Badkhen and Lung to arise.
Badkhen - hot and sour -  excess increases Tipa and Lung.
Hot and Bitter treatment for Lung - Tipa arises
Salty and Hot treatment for Tipa - Lung arises
Sweet and       treatment for Badkhen  - 

Common cold can be infection in lungs. Take care with diet and behaviour first, but WATCH.
Combined disorder - when Tipa combined with Lung, Badkhen combined with Tipa.
Combination of plants in medicine.

LUNG - rythmn of Heart is not good, palpitations (weak heart?): 
HEART med. - AGAR 8 and 20 - add nutmeg oil therapy on points.
LUNGS - CHU-GANG  (Bambusa Textilis)
LIVER - Saffron (Kashmir best quality)
LIFE-CHANNEL - Clove/
COLD KIDNEY -  Small Cardomom (sok-men). Prepare like tea, weak circulation, cold hands and feet.
SPLEEN - Large cardomom - dryness of lips, cracks in lips, cold sores, lip problems

Weak digestion - Pomegranate and Long pepper. Stomach power    SEDU/  PIPI LING.  Take a.m.

Balanced remedies:  Diffferent loads for yaks and sheep - take into consideration.   Take note of 7 b.c.'s, environment, seasons, time of day, one's own nature, age.  Natural element of disease, phellgm, wind, bile.  How strong is the digestive power? Strength -weak physique or strong.  Habits, lifestyles, Tibetans or Westerners, cycling, NOT TO EAT POTATOES.
Location of disease - stomach, spleen, heart, weak kidney.        Hepatitis or Jaundice is TIPA.

STOMACH DISORDERS AND  TREATMENT
Propper digestion is essential for body's health.

1. Defining the human body
2. Digestive system
3. Cause
4. Conditions
5. How the digestive system is disturbed
6. Types of stomach disorder
7. Cures
8. Prevention - 'If a physician knows how to fix a stomach disorders he is a well-trained physician'.

2. Harming Body - 3 humours

1. Life-sustaining Lung
2. Ascending Lung
3. Pervasive Lung
4. Firelike Lung                          Areas harmed: Blood, bone, bone marrow, fat

1. Digestive Tipa 
2. Colour regulating Tipa
3. Complexion clearing Tipa
4. Sight Tipa                             Areas harmed: Urine, perspiration , faeces 

1. Supporting Badkhen 
2. Satisfying Badkhen
3. Experiencing Badkhen
4. Decomposing Badkhen        Areas harmed: 7 B.C.'s, 3 Waste products

Disturbance in any of the above leads to disorder.

2. Digestion always involves digestive heat
Digestive Heat

Digestive Tipa
is main Humour involved in stomach disorders, stomach regulated in central portion, digestion is separation of essential nutrients from foodstuffs, promotes heat, fights infection, maintains proper body function, good complexion, radiance and long life.

Decomposing Badkhen 
resides in the epigastridc region (upper part of stomach). Function is to break down solid matter to semi-liquids.  Facilitates function of other remaining types of Tipa.

Fire-like Lung
lower portion of stomach (see diagram Bk 2 '98) top: decomp. Badkhen/ middle portion: dig.Tipa/ bottom portion: Fire-like Lung.  Alimentary channel, digestion, absorption of nutrients, separation from waste matter - ACID.

3. Digestive Heat
Large Intestine/Small Intestine - digestive heat in balanced state turns food into blood, muscle tissue, fatty tissue, bone, bone-marrow and regenerative fluids. 
Cause of stomach disorders
Improper diet and behaviour, excess of Bitter and Sweet, Heavy and Cold. SWEET taste, SOUR taste, SALTY taste, BITTER taste, HOT taste, ASTRINGENT taste.

SWEET - Earth and Water Element   -  most harmful to the stomach
SOUR - Fire and Earth                      -  second taste most harmful to stomach
SALTY - Water and Fire
BITTER - Water and Air
HOT - Fire and Air
ASTRINGENT - Earth and Air

Conditions

1. LUNG Nature and BADKHEN Nature more prone to stomach disorders due to nature. COLD - EARTH, AIR, WATER, less FIRE. Weak, skinny, un-nutritious food, avoid exercise, tension, depression.  Damp and cold places, waring thin clothes.  Erratic intake of food.

2. Intake of didet to which one is not used or taken at different time - middle of the night (e.g. air travel). Always a gradual approach, not extreme measures.  Try to take new foods in small quantities - kalli kalli. 
Habituation or continuity - one can get used to eating around mid-night )night workers etc.  Then it 's ok.

3. Improper Diet
2nd Tantra, 16th chptr. Different Diets which are recommended/not recommended together.
Not reommended: Milk with lemon juice and all fruits. Citrus fruits are worst.  Eggs and fish.  See 6 Tastes, 8 Qualities, 17 Secondary Tastes and 3 Post-digestive Tastes.   Contradictory tastes, qualitites, secondary qualities, post-digestive taste.
Research needs to be done on food.

FISH IS GOOD FOR CANCER.

4. Hard to digest diet. Unripe fruits/veges. Rotten foods, meat of sick animal, unboiled milk, raw foods, raw veges. Salads are Water and Earth (bad for Badkhen, could steam - warmer) old veges, not properly cooked food, thuk-pa properly boiled is good for heat-generating.

How the digestive system is disturbed.
Decomposing Badkhen cannot do its job. Digestive Tipa cannot do its job. Fire-like Lung cannot separate essence from waste-matter. Increase mucus in stomach, blocking of air passages.
Types - 7 hot stomach disorders, 9 cold stomach disorders - 16 stomalch disorders.

Cures - HOT disorders more influenced by Blood and Tipa, COLD disorders more influenced by Badkhen disorders.
Lung fans  both hot and cold disorders.

Essential nutrients, blood.  Essence of food broken down by deomposing Badkhen, Digestive Tipa.   Fire-like Lung separates waste and essence. (See diagram Bk 2 '98). Essence goes to Liver - makes blood.  Impure blood goes to Liver if not properly digested. Blood vessel from Liver - pure blood throughout body, impure blood also goes throughout body - leads to difference kinds of disorders.

16 TYPES OF DISORDER

Hot stomach disorder symptoms: vomiting, diarrhea of Blood and Tipa, any kind of diet and behaviour which is very hot OR very cold is harmful.
Cold stomach disorders: pressure in stomach, pain after intake of food, food not digested properly, watery diarrhea.  Can't bear cold and wind.
Digestive heat which is too high is a disorder.

Cures
4 different kinds: 1. Diet  2.Behaviour 3. Medicine and 4. External Therapies.
Consider age of person: Child, Adult, Old Age.  Consider physical condition of patient.  Person could look strong but inside weak.
Diisease mild, moderate, serious.
Ripening time of disease - seasons, 
LUNG - summer, ripens Evening, accumulating dawn
TIPA -    autumn, ripens noon accumulates midnight
Badkhen- Spring, ripens morning, accumulates dusk

Curing Hot Stomach disorders
Early stage: Diet and Behaviour - First treatment
More serious: Venesections - ru Tong - vessel on outer arm   Gyab-Tsa - veins on back of hand

Cold Stomach disorders
Golden Hammer on Sternum pt. and 1 tsun below, then 2 tsun below. 12th vert. Hot therapy, Golden Hammer therapy on top of joint.

1st protusion on neck when patient bends forward sitting down is 1st vert.
Diet - Light quality, easily digested, warm. avoid raw veg. salads, stay in moderate temperature.

Prevention
Adequate proportions of food, liquid plus free space.  Strong digestion takes more food. Don't eat before previous food digested.

INCREASE IN NUTRIMENTS - BADKHEN symptom - cannot digest food, pale complexion, increase of mucus, heaviness of body, tiredness, breathing problems due to mucus - treat as BADKHEN problem - HOT MEDIC INE - POMEGRANTE increases heat - decreases imbalance of nutriments.
Increase in Flesh/Muscle- THYROID, GOITRE.  Excess of FAT - take medicine to decrease fat. Excess of BONE- extra fingers, extra teeth . Excess of MARROW - swelling of joints. Increase of seminal fluid - stones in the fluid, there exists good medicine to break down (due to lack of digestive heat, cannot transform, sticks and turns into stones) painful menstruation. Increase in STOOL, heaviness, distention of stomach, gas formation. Increase in URINE- pain in genital area, in bladder on passing urine. Increase in SWEAT, bad odour - too much Badkhen 

DECREASE OF NUTRIMENTS
Decrease in Blood - roughness of skin, difficulty in swallowing, cannot tolerate loud noise (like Lung). Decreasing BONE - joints, hips, knees, hair, teeth and nail problems. Decrease in FAT - insomnia.  Decreasing MUSCLE - skin colour bluish-green. Decrease in MARROW - emptiness in bone, dizziness, cateract in eyes. Decrease in SEMEN - burning in genital area. Decrease in STOOL - rumbling and contraction in small intestine, formation of gas in small intestine, pain in chest area. Decrease in URINE - watery, not much urine passed. Decrease in SWEAT - falling hair, cracking of skin, body hair stands up.
 
 
 

TIKTA is CHIRETTA (SWERTIA CHIRATA - there is a Nepalese type) - chop and mix to decoction in warm boiled water; grows in Manali, can buy from Indian shops. Or TIKTA 8.